239-1 An Optimized Approach to PFAS: From Investigations to Remediation

Session: Federal PFAS Remediation: Successes and Challenges

Presenting Author:

Authors:

Abstract:

PFAS investigations and remediation projects are complex, expensive and resource intensive. Characterization projects have varied from comprehensive approaches with several phases to single-phase approaches that are inclusive of all the elements of a site investigation. Regardless, a systematic and object-oriented characterization approach is critical to successfully meet PFAS remediation goals at federal facilities. As Federal PFAS projects are moving from investigation to remediation phase, we are observing several opportunities to optimize and focus characterization on remedial and response objectives of remediation projects.

There are opportunities to implement lessons learned from recent characterization projects and try to minimize past characterization mistakes while obtaining enough information to move projects forward toward site remediation. Examples of opportunities for optimization and focused characterization include tailored and appropriate use of vertical aquifer sampling (VAS), alone in combination traditional investigation techniques, to meet needs of subsequent risk assessments and response actions. Some of the issues to be considered include HRSC methods, background and fingerprinting methods, risk assessment, geological and groundwater modeling, and other techniques with the goal of completing PFAS delineation and progressing within the CERCLA process.

Often it is not realistic to obtain all the information needed prior to implementing interim remedial actions (IRAs). However, it is important to gather sufficient relevant information to make informed decisions about IRAs while developing adaptive project approaches that include additional characterization as IRAs are deployed. Decision strategies for implementing IRAs also should consider how IRAs will be part of the overall final remediation strategy. Developing and deploying final remedies will be challenging as regulations evolve and funding constantly changes. But projects can still move forward as the overall remedies are implemented, especially by understanding the regulatory needs at specific sites, while protecting human health and the environment.

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program. Vol. 57, No. 6, 2025

doi: 10.1130/abs/2025AM-10827

© Copyright 2025 The Geological Society of America (GSA), all rights reserved.