307-3 Critical Need: Sustainable Development of Mineral Resources and the Mining Workforce

Abstract:

The energy transition, expansion of data infrastructure, and general global economic development continue to increase demand for mineral resources. Recent attention has focused on critical minerals that historically had limited global demand (e.g., rare earth elements). However, traditionally mined base metals, such as copper, are also experiencing persistent, strong demand growth. Global refined copper use exceeded 28 million tonnes in 2025, reflecting its essential role in the clean energy transition, communications, and manufacturing. A study released in 2026 by S&P Global reports that copper supply is anticipated to fall 10 million metric tons short of demand by 2040.

Meeting these needs will require addressing complex scientific and operational challenges. In response, the minerals industry is advancing new approaches to exploration, mining, processing, and workforce development to improve efficiency, sustainability, and resilience. New discoveries are increasingly being made at greater depths, and the brownfield growth that will help secure domestic mineral supplies will occur in long-lived mining districts with declining average ore grades. Industry is advancing technologies such as large-scale data integration, autonomous mining systems, and improved leaching methods that enhance resource recovery while reducing environmental impacts.

Continued industry innovation requires a skilled and diverse workforce. Since the early 1980s, undergraduate geology enrollment in the United States has been highly variable, and currently job demand exceeds the supply of trained graduates. Industry, academia, and government must work together to expand educational pathways, address workforce shortages, and broaden participation in the geosciences and mining professions.

Maintaining public trust is also essential to strengthening the mining workforce and supporting responsible resource development. Industry initiatives such as the Copper Mark and the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) promote responsible production practices, community engagement, and sustainability. Building public trust requires both education about modern mining practices and consistent demonstration of responsible performance.

Collaboration across disciplines, sectors, and communities is necessary for responsible mineral resource development. By advancing geoscience, fostering innovation, investing in people, and more effectively engaging with society, we can sustainably secure the mineral resources needed for future generations.

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 58, No. 5, 2026

doi: 10.1130/abs/2026AM-19712

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